![]() ![]() ![]() He rejects the idea that competition is a driving force of evolution, seeing evolution rather as the product of symbiotic relationships. Graffin argues that we must revise our thinking about two concepts: competition and free will. As populations grow, conflict is inevitable, and it is therefore incumbent on us as a species to alleviate its ravages as much as possible. ![]() Human wars, writes the author, are not about victors and the vanquished but rather natural population phenomena. ![]() The populations discussed range from microbes and viruses inside the human body to American Indian tribes and European settlers in North America-all stories of the persistence of populations, compromise, and assimilation. Both sides of his life are apparent as the iconoclastic storytelling scientist challenges conventional thinking about evolution. Graffin (co-author: Anarchy Evolution: Faith, Science, and Bad Religion in a World Without God, 2010) is the lead singer and songwriter for the punk band Bad Religion and a lecturer on evolution at Cornell University, where he earned his doctorate in zoology. While the title suggests another dire warning of a coming explosion in the world’s population, in fact, the term “population wars” as used here refers to a historical pattern of populations brought into contact with one another, the ensuing conflicts, and the resulting assimilations. ![]()
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